All individuals listed as authors must have made a significant contribution to the research, analysis, and writing of the manuscript. Authorship should be based on substantial intellectual contributions to the study, and all authors must approve the final manuscript. Contributions of other individuals, such as technical assistance, should be acknowledged in the acknowledgment section, but they should not be listed as authors if their contributions are not substantial.
2. Authors must ensure that their work is original and properly cite any sources, data, or ideas that are not their own. Plagiarism, in any form (including self-plagiarism), is strictly prohibited. Authors should provide full and accurate citations for all referenced work to avoid any unethical use of others' intellectual property.
Authors are responsible for accurately reporting the research methods, data, and results. Data should be presented honestly, without manipulation or fabrication, and in a way that allows others to verify the findings. In case of any errors or discrepancies in the published work, authors are obligated to promptly correct or retract the paper.
Authors, reviewers, and editors must disclose any potential conflicts of interest that could influence their work. This includes financial interests, personal relationships, or academic rivalries that may compromise objectivity. Failure to disclose conflicts of interest is considered unethical, and any potential biases should be acknowledged transparently.
The peer review process must be conducted in a fair, confidential, and unbiased manner. Reviewers should evaluate manuscripts based on the quality and integrity of the research, not on personal interests or prejudices. Any reviewer who has a conflict of interest with the submitted manuscript must recuse themselves from the review process.
For research involving human subjects or animals, authors must obtain ethical approval from relevant institutional review boards or ethics committees. This approval should be explicitly stated in the manuscript, and the research must comply with ethical standards for human and animal rights. Any breaches of ethical standards in research are considered serious ethical violations.
Authors should not submit the same manuscript to more than one journal at the same time. Additionally, authors should avoid publishing the same research in multiple journals (redundant publication), as it may result in unnecessary repetition and misrepresentation of the research output.
If a published article is found to have significant errors, ethical breaches, or inaccuracies that affect its validity, the journal has the responsibility to correct or retract the paper. Authors should work with the journal to make necessary corrections, and any retracted papers should be clearly marked and publicly available with a reason for retraction.
